Eupanthalis rudipalpa Amaral & Nonato, 1984 was described based on three incomplete, colorless specimens and has not been reported since its original description; the epithet rudipalpa means "hirsute palps", a characteristic that separates it from other congeneric species. Eupanthalis McIntosh, 1876 and Euarche Ehlers, 1887, and their respective type species, E. kinbergi McIntosh, 1876 and E. tubifex Ehlers, 1887, were considered synonyms (E. rudipalpa as a junior synonym of E. tubifex, a cosmopolitan species) by some authors, because both have sessile eyes and two or three antennae. Nonetheless, these two genera are, in fact, distinct. Their type species can clearly be separated using some prostomial features. We provide an emended diagnosis of Euarche, and re-instate E. rudipalpa, redescribing it based on a Brazilian specimen (original type specimens lost). Illustrations showing body pigmentation pattern and a key to all species of Eupanthalis are also provided.

We analyzed the composition and spatial distribution of macrobenthos in the Cachoeira River estuary, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. Samples were taken bimonthly from July 2008 to May 2009 at six stations along the estuary. In total, 613 individuals belonging to 71 taxa were collected. Molluscs showed the highest richness and abundance, followed by polychaetes. The spatial distribution of macrobenthos was influenced by salinity and by sediment characteristics. In the outer area microgastropods, the bivalve Donax gemmula, and the polychaete Drilonereis sp., were conspicuous. In the river mouth, the carnivorous gastropods Olivella minuta and Anachis obesa and the algal grazers Neritina virginea and Littorina ziczac predominated. In the middle estuary, there was a predominance of the polychaete Hemipodia californiensis. The euryhaline bivalves Tellina sp., Anomalocardia brasiliana, and Tagelus plebeius and the deposit-feeding polychaetes Heteromastus filiformis and Capitella cf. capitata were predominant in the inner estuary. Salinity, sediment characteristics, and dietary habits were important in the composition and distribution of organisms in this estuary.

En este estudio se analizó la composición y la distribución espacial del macrobentos en el estuario del río Cachoeira, Ilhéus, Bahía, Brasil. Las muestras fueron recolectadas cada dos meses desde julio de 2008 a mayo de 2009 en seis estaciones de muestreo. En total, se recogieron 613 individuos pertenecientes a 71 taxa. Los gasterópodos mostraron la mayor riqueza y abundancia, seguidos por los poliquetos. La distribución del macrobentos fue influenciada por la salinidad y los parámetros de sedimentos. En la parte externa del estuario fueron abundantes los microgastrópodos, el bivalvo Donax gemmula y el poliqueto Drilonereis sp. En la desembocadura predominaron gasterópodos carnívoros Olivella minuta y Anachis obesa y pastoreadores Neritina virginea y Littorina ziczac. Predominaron en la zona intermedia el poliqueto Hemipodia californiensis y en el sector interno bivalvos eurihalinos Tellina sp., Anomalocardia brasiliana y Tagelus plebeius y los poliquetos depositívoros Heteromastus filiformes y Capitella cf. capitata. Características de salinidad, sedimentos, y hábitos alimentarios son importantes en la composición y distribución de los organismos en este estuario.

Neste estudo, quatro espécies de Nephtyidae: Aglaophamus juvenalis (Kinberg 1866), Nephtys acrochaeta Hartman 1950, Nephtys californiensis Hartman 1938 e Nephtys squamosa Ehlers 1887 foram coletadas desde a região entremarés até o sublitoral raso (<50 m) da costa de São Paulo, Brasil, durante o Programa BIOTA/FAPESP Bentos Marinho. Descrições e comentários são fornecidos para cada uma delas. Nephtys californiensis é um novo registro para a costa brasileira. Chaves para gêneros e espécies de Nephtyidae registrados no Brasil são fornecidas.

In the present study, four species of Nephtyidae, Aglaophamus juvenalis (Kinberg 1866), Nephtys acrochaeta Hartman 1950, Nephtys californiensis Hartman 1938 and Nephtys squamosa Ehlers 1887, were found from the intertidal zone to the shallow sublittoral (<50 m) off São Paulo, Brazil, during the program BIOTA/FAPESP Marine Benthos. Descriptions and notes on each of them are provided. Nephtys californiensis is a new record for the Brazilian coast. Keys to genera and species of Nephtyidae recorded from Brazil are given.

O estudo sistemático das espécies da família Glyceridae é parte de um amplo programa de inventariamento e determinação de parâmetros abióticos para conservação e uso sustentável da biodiversidade marinha ao largo da costa sudeste e sul do Brasil. O material estudado foi coletado desde a região entremarés de praias arenosas até a plataforma interna (<50 m prof.) na costa norte de São Paulo, e da plataforma externa ao talude superior (profundidades entre 60 e 808 m) desde a costa sul do Rio de Janeiro até a o sul do Rio Grande do Sul (22° S - 34° 40' S). As descrições de algumas espécies foram ampliadas, com a adição de novos e importantes caracteres taxonômicos, principalmente relacionados às papilas proboscidiais. Uma chave de identificação para as espécies de glicerídeos da região sudeste e sul do Brasil é fornecida. Oito espécies de Glyceridae foram identificadas: Glycera americana Leidy 1855; Glycera brevicirris Grube 1870; Glycera dibranchiata Ehlers 1868; Glycera lapidum Quatrefages 1866; Glycera oxycephala Ehlers 1887; Glycera tesselata Grube 1863; Hemipodia californiensis (Hartman 1938); Hemipodia simplex (Grube 1857); além de uma espécie previamente desconhecida de Glycera.

This systematic study of the polychaete species of the family Glyceridae is part of a broader program to inventory and determine parameters for conservation and sustainable use of the marine biodiversity off the southeastern and southern coast of Brazil. The material studied was collected from intertidal sandy beaches, the inner continental shelf (<50 m depth) off the northern coast of the state of São Paulo, and the outer continental shelf and part of the continental slope (depths from 60 to 808 m) off the state of Rio de Janeiro south to Rio Grande do Sul (22° S - 34° 40' S). The descriptions of several species were improved, adding new and important taxonomic characters, mainly related to proboscideal papillae. A key for identification of the glycerid species from southeastern and southern Brazil is also provided. Eight species of Glyceridae were identified: Glycera americana Leidy 1855; Glycera brevicirris Grube 1870; Glycera dibranchiata Ehlers 1868; Glycera lapidum Quatrefages 1866; Glycera oxycephala Ehlers 1887; Glycera tesselata Grube 1863; Hemipodia californiensis (Hartman 1938); Hemipodia simplex (Grube 1857); and a previously unknown species of Glycera.

Poliquetas paralacidoniídeos pertencentes ao gênero monotípico Paralacydonia Fauvel 1913 foram coletados durante o Programa REVIZEE/Score Sul/Bentos ("Avaliação do Potencial Sustentável dos Recursos Vivos na Zona Econômica Exclusiva") na plataforma externa e talude continental na costa sul-sudeste do Brasil entre 156 e 400 m de profundidade. Esta nova ocorrência amplia grandemente a distribuição geográfica dos representantes da família, a qual tinha sido previamente registrada no Atlântico Norte até o Golfo do México. Paralacydonia é tratado aqui como monotípico; P. mortenseni Augener 1924 e P. weberi Horst 1923 são considerados sinônimos de Paralacydonia paradoxa Fauvel 1913.

Paralacydoniid polychaetes belonging to the genus Paralacydonia Fauvel 1913 were collected during the REVIZEE Program/South Score/Benthos ("Avaliação do Potencial Sustentável dos Recursos Vivos na Zona Econômica Exclusiva") on the outer shelf and continental slope off the south-southeastern coast of Brazil between 156 and 400 m depth. This new report extends the known geographic distribution of the family, which had previously been recorded in the North Atlantic as far as the Gulf of Mexico. Paralacydonia is here treated as monotypic; P. mortenseni Augener 1924 and P. weberi Horst 1923 are considered synonyms of Paralacydonia paradoxa Fauvel 1913.

Poliquetas goniadídeos pertencentes a Bathyglycinde Fauchald, 1972 foram coletados durante o programa REVIZEE/Score Sul/Bentos "Avaliação do Potencial Sustentável dos Recursos Vivos na Zona Econômica Exclusiva" na plataforma externa e talude continental sul-sudeste do Brasil. Originalmente esta espécie estava em Glycinde Müller, 1858, mas as papilas proboscideais e cerdas notopodiais capilares não geniculadas são características de Bathyglycinde. Bathyglycinde profunda (Hartman & Fauchald, 1971) comb. nov. difere das outras espécies do gênero por ter uma única lamela pré- e uma pós-setal em todos os setígeros, papilas proboscideais na área I e 32-34 setígeros unirremes. Uma chave de identificação para as espécies de Bathyglycinde é fornecida. Este é o primeiro registro de uma espécie do gênero em águas não abissais.

Goniadid polychaetes belonging to the genus Bathyglycinde Fauchald, 1972 were collected during the REVIZEE Program/South Score/Benthos on the outer shelf and continental slope off the south-southeastern coast of Brazil. This genus is recorded for the first time from Brazilian waters. A new combination for the species Glycinde profunda Hartman & Fauchald, 1971 is proposed, and the species is illustrated. This species was originally assigned to the genus Glycinde Müller, 1858, but the conspicuous proboscideal papillae and the simple capillary notochaetae without knob are typical of Bathyglycinde. Bathyglycinde profunda comb. nov. differs from other congeneric species mainly in having all chaetigers with single pre- and postchaetal lamellae, proboscideal papillae in Area I and 32-41 uniramous chaetigers. This is the first member of the genus found in less than abyssal depths. A key to the species of Bathyglycinde is provided.

Se estudiaron las comunidades bénticas de anélidos durante un periodo de un año (de agosto/95 a julio/96) en dos sectores de las playas Engenho d’Água and São Francisco, Canal de São Sebastião, donde el sustrato está compuesto por una mezcla de arena y fragmentos de roca. Se usaron parámetros abióticos como salidad del agua intersticial y propiedades de sedimento para caracterizar el ambiente. Los poliquetos estuvieron bien representados en los dos sectores y su distribución fue relacionada con el tiempo de sedimento. La densidad de los individuos y el número de táxones fuero mayores en São Francisco, mientras que la diversidad y la equidad fueron mayores en Engenho d’Água. Esta diferencia puede ser una consecueciade u enriquecimiento orgánico causado por una entrada doméstica y la salinidad más baja y variable en São Francisco. Debido a estos factores, la alta densidad de especiesoprtunistas como Capitella capitata ssp., Scolelepis squamata, Laeonereis acuta y varios oligochaetes, representó 75.5% de la abundancia local en ese sector

Benthic annelid communities were studied during a one-year period (August/95 to July/96) in two sectors of the beaches Engenho d’Água and São Francisco, São Sebastião Channel (São Paulo, Brazil), where the substrate is composed by a mixture of sand and rock fragments. Abiotic parameters such as salinity of interstitial water and sediment properties were used to characterize the environment. The polychaetes were well represented in the two sectors and their distribution was related with sediment type. The density of individuals and the number of taxa was higher at São Francisco, while the diversity and the evenness were higher at Engenho d’Água. This difference can be a consequence of organic enrichment caused by domestic input, and of the lower and more variable salinity at São Francisco. Due to these factors, a high density of opportunistic species, like Capitella capitata ssp., Scolelepis squamata, Laeonereis acuta and several oligochaetes, represented 75.5% of total abundance at this sector